• About
  • Books

memoirandremains

memoirandremains

Category Archives: New Testament Background

What language(s) did Jesus speak

03 Monday Jan 2022

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, New Testament Background

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Jesus spoke Greek, NT Background

This article by Sanghwan Lee contends that the linguistic onment in Galilee was not exclusively and perhaps not predominately Aramaic, and that Greek was used far more widely than some scholars have contended. The basic contention of the article is as follows:

“First, the ipsissima verba of Jesus preserved in the Gospels strongly indicate that Jesus, a Gali- lean carpenter, was able to speak Greek.20 Secondly, since a conversation requires at least two parties (locutor and interlocutor), those who listened to the ipsissima verba of Jesus must have understood Greek. Thirdly, the members of the Galilean Q community who wrote down sayings of Jesus (in the 30s–40s) must have been able to write in Greek.”

The argument and evidence can be found here.

Second Century A.D., Pleading letter from a son to his mother

17 Thursday Oct 2019

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, Greek Translation, New Testament Background, Uncategorized

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Greek, Greek Translation

The letter is found in Loeb vol. 266, Select Papyri and is number 120, “From a Penitent Son.” The translation and notes below are my own.

Antonius Longus

To his mother

tê mêtri: The article functions as a possessive pronoun: literally, the mother

many/much greeting(s).

I’m really happy to write to you!

I am always praying that you will be healthy.

Kai dia pantos euchomai. The thought is parallel to Paul’s greeting: 1 Thessalonians 1:2 (ESV), “We give thanks to God always for all of you, constantly mentioning you in our prayers.” The word for prayer in the letter emphasizes a pray for something. It has the connotation of wish: I want this for you.

I perform worship to Lord Serapis every single day.

Kat’ aikastên êmairan. I’m not quite sure what the word in modifying daily means, because it does not appear in the BDAG or the LSJ. From the context, I think it must be emphatic. Serapis was associated with healing.

I wish you to know that I did not hope to come to the metropolis

Hope: elipzô. A future anticipation. Again, some guess work here on how to translate this concept: it could be “expect”, as the Loeb has it.  But this young man sounds more pathetic and pleading than that. He could not even hope to be near his mother.

This is the reason that I did not come to the city.

Charein: reason, on this cause.

I felt shame to come to Karanis, because I walked around in an evil state.

He uses a verb which is not listed in the BDAG or the LSJ. It is built off of the word which mean “modesty” (he says he is naked, which would immodest); but the emphasis is worse here. His “evil state” could be “rotten” or disgusting. “I didn’t want to see you, because I’m disgusting.”

I wrote to you that I am naked.

The “I wrote” is spelled with an “ai” rather than an “ê”. The letter contains a number of such unusual spellings.

        I beg you mother, consider how I am.

Loeb has “be reconciled with me.” What verb he means here is unclear. There are two possible words based upon the spelling. One word me divide by lot, therefore (share) an inheritance. There is also the verb to consider.

It’s my fault. I have learned the right lesson from all this.

Literally, For the rest, I know that for myself I have caused [this]. I have learned that which is fit.

I know that I have done wrong.

Loeb has “I have sinned.” It is the verb translated in the NT as “sin”. But I am not certain that the theological connotation of the word is fitting here. The word means to err, miss the mark.

I heard about you from [name is missing]; that you were found in Arsinoite.  He [?] told me all about you.

He spoke of you accurately.

Don’t you know that I would rather be crippled than that I should someone else even a dollar?

The money is an “obol”. Crippled could be maimed, disfigured. This last bit rings true to life. Having spoke of himself pitifully throughout he ends with a final justification. I am guessing that acted foolishly, lost everything and is priding himself on not being debt — now.

Religious Insurance

27 Tuesday Mar 2018

Posted by memoirandremains in New Testament Background, Uncategorized

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

New Testament Background, paganism, Religious Insurance, Rodney Stark

classic Greek temple

As E. R. Dodds recognized, religious life in the empire suffered from excessive pluralism, from “a bewildering mass of alternatives. There were too many cults, too many mysteries, too many philosophies of life to choose from: you could pile one religious insurance on another, yet not feel safe.”21 Moreover, since no god could effectively demand adherence (let alone exclusive commitment), individuals faced the need and the burden to assemble their own divine portfolio,22 seeking to balance potential services and to spread the risks, as Dodds noted in his reference to religious insurance. Thus, a rich benefactor in Numidia contributed to temples and shrines honoring “Jove Bazosenus…Mithra, Minerva, Mars Pater, Fortuna Redux, Hercules, Mercury, Aesculapius, and Salus.”23 Ramsay MacMullen reports a man who simultaneously served as a priest in four temples,24 while many temples served many gods simultaneously.

Stark, Rodney. Cities of God: The Real Story of How Christianity Became an Urban Movement and Conquered Rome (p. 33). HarperCollins. Kindle Edition.

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations: My Father (16.5-6)

03 Sunday Apr 2016

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, New Testament Background, Uncategorized

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, Philosophy, Stoic

(You can find the translation and notes on 16:3-4 here)

He also honored those who were true philosophers. As for the others, he didn’t despise them; but, he certainly didn’t follow them! He was sociable and gracious without being cloying.

He took proper care for his body: not like someone who adored health or beauty; but he didn’t mistreat himself, either. Due to his care, he didn’t need physicians, potions or creams.

He had a ready willingness to defer, without envy, to anyone who possessed a skill in speech, legal history, ethics, or any other particular task. He gave the strong encouragement so that each would receive credit in his area of expertise.

He did all things according to custom, but he never made a show of it.

Greek Text and Notes:

Continue reading →

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 1.14 (Love Truth)

11 Friday Dec 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, New Testament Background, Thesis

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, Philosophy, Thesis, truth

The previous post in this series may be found here

14804783143_9b356e04c9_o

From my brother, Severus

To love the family
To love truth
To love justice.

And through him, I knew Thrasea, Helvidius, Cato, Dion, Brutus.

From him I learned the mark of a state administered by equal laws, equal standing, equal speech: a government which dearly honors the freedom of those being ruled.

And also from him, to have a constant, balanced value of philosophy; to do-good, be willingly generous, to trust the love of friends; to not conceal what he has against another; to not keep his friends guessing what he wants or does not want, but rather to be clear.

 

Greek Text and notes:

Continue reading →

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 1.13, From Catalus (Restore your friend)

04 Friday Dec 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, New Testament Background

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Friendship, Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, New Testament Background, NT Ba

14579432687_4f534ae27e_o

From Catalus:
To not be contemptuous when a friend makes an accusation — even if it is unreasonable, but rather try to restore him to friendship; to heartily speak well of my teachers (as it is remembered Domitius and Athenodotus); and to truly love my children.

The prior post in this series may be found here

Greek Text and Notes:

Continue reading →

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 1.12: I’m too busy

01 Tuesday Dec 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, New Testament Background

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, NT Ba

_MG_7363

From Alexander the Platonist

Rarely — and never without real need — tell anyone — or write a letter saying — that you are too busy; don’t make it a habit to beg off from obligations for those with whom we live, just throwing out the words, “the press of business”.

 

The prior entry in this translation is here

Greek Text and Notes:

Continue reading →

Marcus Aurelius, Book 1.9 (From Sextus)

18 Wednesday Nov 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, New Testament Background

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, NT Background, Sextus

From Sextus,

Graciousness; the example of a home with fatherly order; to have a mind in accord with Nature; dignity without pretense; to have skill in caring for friends; to bear with idiots and those who spout opinions without thinking.

To be harmonious with everyone — so that conversation with him was more pleasant than any flattery (and those who were with him prized the time); to take pains to know the most fitting and ingenious lessons necessary for life.

And to never display wrath or any other passion, but to always have the passions in check — yet not without natural affection; to not make a noise about praise; to have great learning without making a show.

Greek Text and Notes:

Continue reading →

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, Book 1.8 (From Apollonius)

23 Friday Oct 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, Greek Translation, Language, Marcus Aurelius, New Testament Background

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, NT Ba

The previous post in this series may be found here.

14592566739_53cd5cb0f3_o

From Apollonious: freedom; unambiguously avoid chance; and never look to anything but Reason — not even for a moment. To always be the same, whether in sharp pain, the loss of a child, or endless illness. And to be seen as a living example that one man can both press to the greatest height and relent. [2] To see a man who plainly makes little of his experience and ability to explain speculative matters. And to learn how to receive even seeming gifts from friends, neither despising these things nor letting them pass by without notice.

Greek Text and Notes: 

Continue reading →

Marcus Aurelius, Book 1.7 (From Rusticus)

15 Thursday Oct 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, New Testament Background

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, New Testament Background, Reading, Translation

5558277961_0913180565_o

From Rusticus:
Accept the fact that I will need straightening and correction of my character; and to not be turned aside after hot, pointless arguments; neither to write about speculations; nor prepare silly little speeches; nor pose as the greatest moral athlete nor the hardest working man; and to eschew rhetoric, poetry and fancy words — oh, don’t walk around the house in robes — and to write plain letters (like the one which he sent to my mother from Sinuses): just don’t do those things.

And be willing to be easily called and reconciled to those who have been angry and struck the wrong note, when they are willing to quickly return: be in that state of mind.

And read carefully: don’t be content with a general overview — and don’t agree too quickly with every chatterer.

And hold a conversation with the Memoirs of Epictetus (he gave me a copy from his own library).

Greek Text & Notes:  Continue reading →

← Older posts

Categories

Archives

Recent Posts

  • Christ’s Eternal Existence (Manton) Sermon 1.3
  • Thomas Traherne, The Soul’s Communion with her Savior. 1.1.6
  • Thinking About Meaning While Weeding the Garden
  • Thomas Traherne, The Soul’s Communion With Her Savior 1.1.6
  • Addressing Loneliness

Categories

Archives

Recent Posts

  • Christ’s Eternal Existence (Manton) Sermon 1.3
  • Thomas Traherne, The Soul’s Communion with her Savior. 1.1.6
  • Thinking About Meaning While Weeding the Garden
  • Thomas Traherne, The Soul’s Communion With Her Savior 1.1.6
  • Addressing Loneliness

Blog at WordPress.com.

  • Follow Following
    • memoirandremains
    • Join 630 other followers
    • Already have a WordPress.com account? Log in now.
    • memoirandremains
    • Customize
    • Follow Following
    • Sign up
    • Log in
    • Report this content
    • View site in Reader
    • Manage subscriptions
    • Collapse this bar
 

Loading Comments...