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Tag Archives: NT Background

What language(s) did Jesus speak

03 Monday Jan 2022

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, New Testament Background

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Jesus spoke Greek, NT Background

This article by Sanghwan Lee contends that the linguistic onment in Galilee was not exclusively and perhaps not predominately Aramaic, and that Greek was used far more widely than some scholars have contended. The basic contention of the article is as follows:

“First, the ipsissima verba of Jesus preserved in the Gospels strongly indicate that Jesus, a Gali- lean carpenter, was able to speak Greek.20 Secondly, since a conversation requires at least two parties (locutor and interlocutor), those who listened to the ipsissima verba of Jesus must have understood Greek. Thirdly, the members of the Galilean Q community who wrote down sayings of Jesus (in the 30s–40s) must have been able to write in Greek.”

The argument and evidence can be found here.

Marcus Aurelius Meditations 1.15 (Claudius Maximus)

22 Tuesday Dec 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, Philosophy, Thesis, Uncategorized

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Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, NT Background, Philosophy, Stoicism, Thesis

The previous post in this series (a new translation of the Meditations) may be found here

claudius_maximus_1

15.1:
From Maximus:
Self-control – not to be carried about by anything; to be in good spirits in troubles and illness; to have a well-proportioned character, gentle but reverent; and to not be sullen with the work at hand. [2] To believe that everyone spoke as he thought; that which one might do, he did not do for an evil purpose. He didn’t startle, wasn’t fazed; didn’t shrink back or clinch his teeth. [3] Nor was he angry, or suspicious; he was beneficent, indulgent; he wasn’t easily changed rather than giving the appearance of man being improved. He never appeared to anyone to be haughty, nor did anyone suppose himself to be better than him. Oh, and he was gracious.

Greek Text and Notes:

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Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 1.11 — The One Percent

28 Saturday Nov 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius

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Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, Meditation, Meditations, NT Background, politics

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From Fronto
To understand what sort of witchery, subtlety, and hypocrisy belong to tyranny — and how common traits are to those like us who are called patricians, who at times lack natural affections.

Greek Text and Notes

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Marcus Aurelius, Book 1.9 (From Sextus)

18 Wednesday Nov 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, New Testament Background

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Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, NT Background, Sextus

From Sextus,

Graciousness; the example of a home with fatherly order; to have a mind in accord with Nature; dignity without pretense; to have skill in caring for friends; to bear with idiots and those who spout opinions without thinking.

To be harmonious with everyone — so that conversation with him was more pleasant than any flattery (and those who were with him prized the time); to take pains to know the most fitting and ingenious lessons necessary for life.

And to never display wrath or any other passion, but to always have the passions in check — yet not without natural affection; to not make a noise about praise; to have great learning without making a show.

Greek Text and Notes:

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Marcus Aurelius, Book 1.4

24 Monday Aug 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius

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Greek, Greek Translation, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, NT Background

 

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From my grandfather:
Not to waste time on public schools, but rather make use of good teachers at home — and also to know when it is necessary to spend money.

 

Greek Text & Notes

1.4
Παρὰ τοῦ προπάππου τὸ μὴ εἰς δημοσίας διατριβὰς φοιτῆσαι καὶ τὸ ἀγαθοῖς διδασκάλοις κατ̓ οἶκον χρήσασθαι καὶ τὸ γνῶναι ὅτι εἰς τὰ τοιαῦτα δεῖ ἐκτενῶς ἀναλίσκειν.

Παρὰ τοῦ προπάππου
From my grandfather

τὸ μὴ εἰς δημοσίας διατριβὰς φοιτῆσαι

Diatripbas here has the sense of “wasting time” (see LSJ II).

The infinitive phoitesai shows the result: “esp. of objects of commerce, to come in constantly or regularly”

Not to waste time regularly attending public [schools]. Schools is implied by the next clause where the wasting is contrasted with good teachers at home.

καὶ τὸ ἀγαθοῖς διδασκάλοις κατ̓ οἶκον χρήσασθαι

And to make use of good teachers at home.

The dative marks “good teachers” as the object of the thing made use of (chresasthai).

καὶ τὸ γνῶναι ὅτι εἰς τὰ τοιαῦτα δεῖ ἐκτενῶς ἀναλίσκειν.

καὶ τὸ γνῶναι
And to know

ὅτι εἰς
The content of the knowledge

τὰ τοιαῦτα δεῖ ἐκτενῶς ἀναλίσκειν.
Those things it is necessary to extending spend

The infinitive completes “dei”.

Lucian of Samosata, Concerning Sacrifices.13

08 Sunday Feb 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, Greek Translation, Lucian of Samosata, New Testament Background

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Concerning Sacrifices, Greek Translation, Lucian of Samosata, New Testament Background, NT Background

The previous post in this series may be found here: https://memoirandremains.wordpress.com/2015/02/03/lucian-of-samosata-concerning-sacrifices-12/

Then there is the public proclamation:“No one may enter the sacred space washed clean who is not himself clean.”

Yet, there stands the priest, his hands bloody, just like the Cyclopes, cutting out guts, tearing out hearts, and shaking blood on the altar; what piety is not completed?

After a fire starts, he deposits a goat bearing its skin or a still-wooled sheep. The divine and reverent steam drifts above, gently scattering to heaven.

Now the Scythian rejects all such sacrifices, instead leading humiliated men that may be presented to Artemis — and this pleases that god.

Greek Text and Notes:

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Lucian of Samosata, Concerning Sacrifices.8

16 Friday Jan 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, Lucian of Samosata

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Ancient Greek, Greek, Greek Translation, Lucian, Lucian of Samosata, New Testament Background, NT Background

The previous post in this series may be found here: https://memoirandremains.wordpress.com/2015/01/06/lucian-of-samosata-concerning-sacrifices-7/

Enough of such things! Let us ascend to heaven, in a poetical flight along the same path as Homer and Hesiod, and there let us see how everything has been arranged.

It is brass on the outside, as we had heard from Homer, but peering a little over this, and simply turning your neck, the brightest light appears and pure sun and radiant start and the ground is gold.

Upon first entering there are the Hours, for these are the gates. After this we find Iris and Hermes, the servants and message bearers for Zeus. Next is Hephaestus with his forge and every sort of contrivance; after this the dwelling places for the gods and the palace of Zeus – all these spectacular things Hephaestus appointed.

 Greek Text and Notes:

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Lucian of Samosata: Concerning Sacrifices.6

31 Wednesday Dec 2014

Posted by memoirandremains in Greek, Lucian of Samosata, New Testament Background

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Concerning Sacrifices, Culture, Greek Mythology, Greek Translation, Lucian of Samosata, NT Background

The previous post in this series may be found here: https://memoirandremains.wordpress.com/category/literature/lucian-of-samosata/

I also suppose those things they say about Hera, how she – without any man – being lifted by the wind gave birth to Hephaestus – who really didn’t have good luck, because he was just a blacksmith at the forge with bronze and fire and sparks going up all around him; oh, and he had bad feet. He was lame from the fall, when Zeus threw him out of heaven; and if the Lemnians had not done him good, carrying him and showing him hospitality, he would be dead to us (just like Astyanax being thrown down from the tower); and so Hephaestus survived.

But what about Prometheus: who doesn’t know what he suffered, just because he was a great philanthropist. And so Zeus dragged him out to Scythia and crucified him on the Caucusus, where an eagle stood watch, eating his liver every day.

Greek Text & Notes:

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Lucian of Samosata, Concerning Sacrifices.5

22 Monday Dec 2014

Posted by memoirandremains in Culture, Greek, Greek Translation, Lucian of Samosata, New Testament Background

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Concerning Sacrifices, Greek, Greek Translation, Lucian, Lucian of Samosata, New Testament Background, NT Background

The previous post in this series may be found here: https://memoirandremains.wordpress.com/2014/12/21/lucian-of-samosata-concerning-sacrifices-4/

The poets speak such eloquent words about the gods – a great deal about these most divine things when it comes to Hephaestus and Prometheus and Cronus and Rhea, nearly the entire family of Zeus.

When they begin, they call upon the Muses to sing with them, and so inspired of the gods they sing of how Kronos castrated his father Uranus, then ruled in his place. He, of course, like Thyestes of Argos did latter, devoured his own children.

Or Zeus: saved by the fraud of Rhea (his mother) who substituted a stone (his father tried to eat him); later exposed on Crete; raised by a goat; he drove off his father and threw him in prison; married many women; and just like the Persian and the Assyrians, he married his own sister. Or what of his erotic dealings, his gushing lust, recklessly filling heaven with children: some were gods; but many were bastards bred with mortals upon earth: he came as a noble shower of gold, once a bull, once a swan, once an eagle – he was more changable than Proteus! Once he sprouted Athene from his head; conceiving her right in his own brain. Finally, they say when Dionysis was half-done, and his mother was on fire, Zeus snatched out of his mother, buried him (Dionysis) in his thigh until he cut him out, because the gestation was finished.

Greek Text and Notes: 

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Lucian of Samosata: Concerning Sacrifices.4

21 Sunday Dec 2014

Posted by memoirandremains in Culture, Greek, Lucian of Samosata, New Testament Background

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Concerning Sacrifices, Greek, Greek Translation, Lucian, Lucian of Samosata, New Testament Background, NT Background

The previous post may be found here: https://memoirandremains.wordpress.com/2014/12/21/lucian-of-samosata-concerning-sacrifices-3/

Since I’ve brought Apollo to mind, I am of the mind to mention something: something wisemen say about him – this doesn’t concern questions of misfortune in the matter of Hyacinth’s murder or his mistreatment of Daphne – but rather the condemnation and order of exile from heaven for the Cyclopes’ death. He was sent to earth to share in human luck. Then he became a menial for Admetus in Thessalia and for Leadmon in Phrygia – in this he was not alone: Poisden was with him. They both made bricks and built the wall. And, they didn’t even receive their full wage, they say the pair are still owed 30 odd Trojan drachmae.

Greek Text & Notes: 

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