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How Narratives Work, Part 2

11 Saturday Nov 2017

Posted by memoirandremains in Preaching, Uncategorized

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Holy Spirit, Narrative, Preaching, Teaching

After noting the plot points in the section under consideration, we should note how this particular section of Acts 4 fits into the larger narratives.  First, this scene of Peter and John before the counsel fits into a larger section running from Acts 3:1 and ending with 4:35.

The scene in chapter 3 begins with Peter and John coming to the temple to pray. They meet a lame beggar at the Beautiful Gate. The beggar hopes to receive alms. Peter tells the man what he does not have (“silver and gold”) but he also makes an offer:

But Peter said, “I have no silver and gold, but what I do have I give to you. In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, rise up and walk!”

Acts 3:6 (ESV). If the close of the extended is 4:35, there is an interesting parallel concerning wealth, because 4:32-35 concerns the distribution of wealth throughout the church. If the section ends with 4:31, it closes with prayer. Acts 3 begins with the apostles going to prayer and having no wealth.

The man having been healed in the name of Jesus, a crowd gathers. Peter preaches a Gospel sermon “proved” by the power of Jesus in healing this man and the power of God in raising Jesus:

15 and you killed the Author of life, whom God raised from the dead. To this we are witnesses. 16 And his name—by faith in his name—has made this man strong whom you see and know, and the faith that is through Jesus has given the man this perfect health in the presence of you all.

Acts 3:15–16 (ESV).

Chapter 4 then begins with the power of the state in arresting and trying Peter and John. Luke parenthetically points to the power of the Word of God:

But many of those who had heard the word believed, and the number of the men came to about five thousand.

Acts 4:4 (ESV). The apostles are interrogated concerning the source of the miracle: “By what power or in what name”? Whose authority is at play here?

Peter responds with a quotation from Psalm 118, that Jesus is the cornerstone.

There is then the famous response of Peter concerning God’s authority versus the authority of the state:

 

19 But Peter and John answered them, “Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you rather than to God, you must judge, 20 for we cannot but speak of what we have seen and heard.”

Acts 4:19–20 (ESV).  Having been threatened by the powers that be, Peter and John return to the church.

The church prays: first, a praise to God for his sovereignty even persecution: Jesus was killed by wicked me which was “whatever your hand and your plan had predestined to take place” (Acts 4:27). They then pray for boldness to stand against the threats and persecution.

This section fits within the larger narrative of the primitive church’s growth and Peter’s preaching.

Finally, there is the master narrative set forth in the prologue: Luke was the “beginning” of what Jesus did and taught (Acts 1:2); and Jesus’ programmatic statement for Acts:

“But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.”

Acts 1:8. Jesus will continue to work and teach, but it will be through the power of the Holy Spirit and it will be through the witness of these disciples. The events of Acts 3 & 4 are further examples of how Jesus healed a man; how the disciples were witnesses to Jesus; and how this was done through the work of the Spirit (Acts 4:8, “Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit’).

In doing this, we are still at the observation stage of our work. We note the major plot points of a section. We then note the general themes of the section and how these look compared to the larger narrative(s).

How Narratives Work Part 1

04 Saturday Nov 2017

Posted by memoirandremains in Acts, Literature, Preaching, Uncategorized

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Acts, Acts 4, christology, Narra, Preaching, Teaching

The language of Psalm 39, “O LORD make me know my end, and what is the measure of my days; let me know how fleeting I am!” Has struck me (“I am mute; I do not open my mouth”).  I know the meaning and can see the psychological and emotional relationship between fleeting days and anger — but this time through I have realized there is something much more profound there which I must sound. So while I work through that, here is another matter.

Bible teachers in my world seem to find Paul easiest to teach: his letters have structures which track in the way we are taught in school: here is a point, some rationale, implication. The elements are laid out as an argument. Diagram the sentence, make the main verb the principle point and you have a sermon outline.

But narrative suffers. I have actually heard men with significant seminary training make silly statements about hierarchies of genre, with narrative existing solely for illustration of the “clearer” letters.  I posit, that such thinking is primarily a reflection of an inadequate education, not a defect of the text.

The Bible is primarily poem and narrative. These texts are just as clear and necessary as Paul’s letters (if you don’t believe me, read Paul’s letters: he seems to find the letters and poems quite useful resources!). However, due to the inadequate education in literature, most pastors (and other teachers) simply don’t know how to handle such things.

My education is first in literature and the law (which is nothing but stories, reading stories, writing stories, telling stories: judges and juries do not believe facts, they believe stories; if I were to ask about you, you would tell me a story).

Here are some tips which I hope may help others in handling a story. I am going to take Acts 4, because I will be teaching through the text. So here are some steps.

The first step in understanding and working with a narrative section is merely to work through the plot points

ACTS 4:1-37

THERE ARE TWO MAIN SECTIONS: PETER & JOHN BEFORE THE COUNCIL AND THEIR RETURN TO THE CHURCH

I.  Peter and John Before the Council

A.  The Arrest

  1. Setting

 And as they were speaking to the people, the priests and the captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them, 2 greatly annoyed because they were teaching the people and proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection from the dead.

  1. The Arrest

3 And they arrested them and put them in custody until the next day, for it was already evening.

  1. What happened from preaching

4 But many of those who had heard the word believed, and the number of the men came to about five thousand.

B.  Before the Council

  1. The setting

5 On the next day their rulers and elders and scribes gathered together in Jerusalem, 6 with Annas the high priest and Caiaphas and John and Alexander, and all who were of the high-priestly family.

  1. The question/charge

 7 And when they had set them in the midst, they inquired, “By what power or by what name did you do this?”

  1. Peter’s Response

a.  The Spirit’s Help

8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them,

Initial X-ref: You will receive power. Acts 1:8 and be my witnesses (thus, how this section fits into the master narrative of Acts); and this

Luke 21:12–15 (ESV)

12 But before all this they will lay their hands on you and persecute you, delivering you up to the synagogues and prisons, and you will be brought before kings and governors for my name’s sake. 13 This will be your opportunity to bear witness. 14 Settle it therefore in your minds not to meditate beforehand how to answer, 15 for I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which none of your adversaries will be able to withstand or contradict. )

b.  The Power of Jesus

i.  Jesus Healed

“Rulers of the people and elders, 9 if we are being examined today concerning a good deed done to a crippled man, by what means this man has been healed, 10 let it be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth,

c.  You rejected Jesus, but God has glorified him (as God promised he would)

whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead—by him this man is standing before you well. 11 This Jesus is the stone that was rejected by you,

the builders, which has become the cornerstone. 12 And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.”

Come back to this latter: Think about what an astounding thing Peter has just said: this man who you saw die a few days ago is not only alive but he actually has power over disease and if I ask him, he will heal people. As Christians, we easily move from Jesus to God (which is a legitimate move, but too easily passes over the fact to all of these people Jesus is a man. To the rulers, he is only a man. This story makes no sense if you miss that point.)

i.  You rejected Jesus, but God has glorified him.

Peter quotes Psalm 118.22. This is a Psalm about persecution and deliverance by God. Peter himself will use this same verse in his first letter:

1 Peter 2:4–10 (ESV)

4 As you come to him, a living stone rejected by men but in the sight of God chosen and precious, 5 you yourselves like living stones are being built up as a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood, to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. 6 For it stands in Scripture:

                        “Behold, I am laying in Zion a stone,

a cornerstone chosen and precious,

                        and whoever believes in him will not be put to shame.”

7 So the honor is for you who believe, but for those who do not believe,

                        “The stone that the builders rejected

has become the cornerstone,”

8 and

                        “A stone of stumbling,

and a rock of offense.”

They stumble because they disobey the word, as they were destined to do.

9 But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for his own possession, that you may proclaim the excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light. 10 Once you were not a people, but now you are God’s people; once you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy.

Jesus is the living corner stone of the church which is being built.

d.  The Council’s Deliberation

i.  How do they know these things?/They cannot answer them (as Jesus promised)

13 Now when they saw the boldness of Peter and John, and perceived that they were uneducated, common men, they were astonished. And they recognized that they had been with Jesus. 14 But seeing the man who was healed standing beside them, they had nothing to say in opposition.

Just like Jesus, the rulers cannot understand where this wisdom and power from. However, they are right to understand that it was because they had been with Jesus

Spurgeon in Morning and Evening quotes this verse as a model for Christians (this would make a good application):

Morning, February 11 Go To Evening Reading

“And they took knowledge of them, that they had been with Jesus.”

—Acts 4:13

A Christian should be a striking likeness of Jesus Christ. You have read lives of Christ, beautifully and eloquently written, but the best life of Christ is his living biography, written out in the words and actions of his people. If we were what we profess to be, and what we should be, we should be pictures of Christ; yea, such striking likenesses of him, that the world would not have to hold us up by the hour together, and say, “Well, it seems somewhat of a likeness;” but they would, when they once beheld us, exclaim, “He has been with Jesus; he has been taught of him; he is like him; he has caught the very idea of the holy Man of Nazareth, and he works it out in his life and every-day actions.” A Christian should be like Christ in his boldness. Never blush to own your religion; your profession will never disgrace you: take care you never disgrace that.

H. Spurgeon, Morning and Evening: Daily Readings (London: Passmore & Alabaster, 1896).

 ii. Peter and John are sent out: What should we do?

15 But when they had commanded them to leave the council, they conferred with one another, 16 saying, “What shall we do with these men? For that a notable sign has been performed through them is evident to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and we cannot deny it. 17 But in order that it may spread no further among the people, let us warn them to speak no more to anyone in this name.”

iii.  Peter’s response: we must obey God rather than men

18 So they called them and charged them not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus. 19 But Peter and John answered them, “Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you rather than to God, you must judge, 20 for we cannot but speak of what we have seen and heard.”

This is a key verse in considering what must be done when there is a conflict between living as a faithful Christian and some authority which forbids it. See Daniel 1. We must obey God even if it results in punishment

iv. Released with a threat

21 And when they had further threatened them, they let them go, finding no way to punish them, because of the people, for all were praising God for what had happened. 22 For the man on whom this sign of healing was performed was more than forty years old.

 

 

How the Word of God Works, 1 Peter 1:10-12

06 Thursday Aug 2015

Posted by memoirandremains in 1 Peter, Lectures, Preaching

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1 Peter, 1 Peter 1:10-12, Lectures, Preaching, Teaching, Word of God

1 Peter 1:10–12 (ESV)

10 Concerning this salvation, the prophets who prophesied about the grace that was to be yours searched and inquired carefully, 11 inquiring what person or time the Spirit of Christ in them was indicating when he predicted the sufferings of Christ and the subsequent glories. 12 It was revealed to them that they were serving not themselves but you, in the things that have now been announced to you through those who preached the good news to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven, things into which angels long to look.

https://memoirandremains.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/1-peter-1-10.mp3

How to Interpret and Use a Narrative Text

18 Tuesday Nov 2014

Posted by memoirandremains in Preaching, Ruth

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Daniel Block, Narrative, Preaching, Ruth, Teaching

Most preachers and Bible teachers have great difficulty when presented with a historical narrative. The sermon often becomes an extended set of historical observations about the text and perhaps bootstrapping it into a strange illustration (five hints for slaying the Goliath in your life).

Daniel Block provides a set of five questions which can help direct one’s understanding and use of narrative texts:

In the Scriptures historiographic compositions are primarily ideological in purpose. The authoritative meaning of the author is not found in the event described but in the author’s interpretation of the event, that is, his understanding of their causes, nature, and consequences. But that interpretation must be deduced from the telling. How is this achieved? By asking the right questions of the text: (1) What does this account tell us about God? (2) What does it tell us about the human condition? (3) What does it tell us of the world? (4) What does it tell us of the people of God—their collective relationship with him? (5) What does it tell us of the individual believer’s life of faith? These questions may be answered by careful attention to the words employed and the syntax exploited to tell the story. But they also require a cautious and disciplined reading between the lines, for what is left unstated also reflects an ideological perspective. Having described the problem and set the agenda, we may proceed to answer the questions raised.

Daniel Isaac Block, Judges, Ruth, vol. 6, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1999), 604–605.

Thomas Brooks, The Unsearchable Riches of Christ.2

11 Friday Oct 2013

Posted by memoirandremains in Meditation, Preaching, Reading, Thomas Brooks

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Meditation, Preaching, Puritan, Puritan Preaching, Reading, Teaching, The Unsearchable Riches of Christ, Thomas Brooks

(The previous entry for “The Unsearchable Riches of Christ” may be found here: https://memoirandremains.wordpress.com/2013/10/09/thomas-brooks-the-unsearchable-riches-of-christ-1/)

Brooks takes as his text, Ephesians 3:8, “Unto me, who am less than the least of all saints, is this grace given, that I should preach among the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ.” From this text, Brooks begins to make observations. First he observes that Paul who was a great man of God was also a humble man before God.

Second, Paul states that he has been given a grace from God.

Third, Paul identifies the grace, that he should preach; and that such preaching would be among the Gentiles.

Finally, the content of the preaching would be “the unsearchable riches of Christ.”

Note that Brooks has merely looked at the words and noted the elements of the text. Having broken the text up into parts, he begins to make some general remarks. He briefly counts the nature of Christ’s riches:

Now in the Lord Jesus Christ is the greatest riches, the best riches, the choicest riches; in Christ are riches of justification, Titus 2:14; in Christ are riches of sanctification, Philip. 4:12, 13; in Christ are riches of consolation, 2 Cor. 12:9; and in Christ are riches of glorification, 1 Pet. 1:2, 3 (Pp 7-8).

Brooks has come into the room and looked about, a door, a chair, a table. Having made a first glance he then proceeds to the elements at length. Many people are perplexed at where the preacher/teacher finds his sermon. If the text is to drive the sermon, the preacher will need first take stock of supplies for the sermon. He must note what is there.

Bad theology and bad sermons first come from a failure to observe.

I remember some years ago seeing John Madden write all over the screen as he explained to the viewers how a play developed. As he showed the various parts, a block, a man in motion, a fake hand-off, I could how the overall play developed. A preacher to be fair to the text and to be of help to the congregant must show how the passage breaks out. If one takes a longer text than a single verse (such as Brooks has done), he may wish to acknowledge only larger elements of the text (say, taking this entire verse as a unit

Let the Word of Christ Dwell in You Richly

31 Saturday Aug 2013

Posted by memoirandremains in Acts, Biblical Counseling, Colossians, Discipleship, Meditation, Memorization, Preaching, Study

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Acts 2, admonish, Biblical Counseling, Colossians, Colossians 3:16, Discipleship, Meditation, Memorization, Paul, Peter, Preaching, Spiritual Disciplines, Study, Teaching, Training, Word of God, Word of God in Acts

(Notes for a sermon to be preached on September 1, 2013):

          In the first chapter of Acts we read that Christ commanded the Apostles and disciples to stay in Jerusalem. The apostles kept the command of Christ: they stayed in Jerusalem and waited for the Holy Spirit. They waited. They prayed. In time, the Spirit came upon them … and they spoke. They could not deny it. They spoke “As the Spirit gave them utterance” (Acts 2:4). The crowd came drawn by the words.  Peter filled with the Spirit stood in their midst and preached.

At the end of the sermon we read

So those who received his word were baptized. Acts. 2:41

In Acts 3 we read of a man healed at the Gate Beautiful, entering in the Temple. A crowd again comes and so Peter preaches. The priests and Sadducees became  

2 greatly annoyed because [Peter was] teaching the people and proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection from the dead. Acts 4:2 (ESV)

So they arrested Peter and the others, leaving in jail them for the evening. Now, you might think this would end the trouble. But what the leaders did not realize is that the word was the trouble – not the apostles. The apostles merely proclaimed the Word. The Word kept working even when the Apostles could not:

4 But many of those who had heard the word believed, and the number of the men came to about five thousand. Acts 4:4 (ESV)

The Apostles were soon reason. When the church gathered, they prayed:

29 And now, Lord, look upon their threats and grant to your servants to continue to speak your word with all boldness, Acts 4:29 (ESV)

In verse 31, we read that

They were filled with the Holy Spirit and continued to speak the word of God with boldness. Acts 4:31 (ESV).

Do you see the pattern? The Spirit comes. Their hearts are filled with words and they speak. Those Spirit wrought words are heard and men and women are transformed.

The enemies of the gospel did not understand the working of the Spirit and Word. Acts 5 records yet another incident of prison. This time, an angel comes and rescues them with this command:

20 “Go and stand in the temple and speak to the people all the words of this Life.” Acts 5:20 (ESV)

Not raise an army; organize a movement; change the government. No: God, through the angel, commands the apostles: go speak.

Do you see that God works by means of Word and Spirit? The Word of God did the work. When you see this, you find it everywhere in the story. For example, in chapter 8, we read that Philip began to preach the Samaritans –just as Christ had commanded in Acts 1:8. In verse 14 of Acts we read

Now when the apostles at Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent to Peter and John, who came down and prayed for them that they might receive the Holy Spirit. Acts 8:14-15

There it is again: The Word and Spirit transforming the human heart. It is the Word of God proclaimed and the word of God received that changes human beings. In Acts 12, Herod began a vicious persecution of the apostle. Yet this persecution did not stop God. God struck Herod dead. Then we read in verse 24:

24 But the word of God increased and multiplied. Acts 12:24 (ESV)

Those who sought to stop the spread of the church foolishly thought the power was in the men. They thought that by beating and imprisoning and killing men and women that they could stop the church. The enemies did not understand that the power was not in the people but in the word.

Acts 13 records the first missionary journey of Paul. In this chapter, we read a sermon by Paul. The next Sabbath, a crowd gathered, Jews and Gentiles. But they did not come to hear Paul. Acts 13:44 reads,

44 The next Sabbath almost the whole city gathered to hear the word of the Lord. Acts 13:44 (ESV)

Never go to a sermon to hear a man. Go to hear the word of the Lord preached. If you do hear the word of the Lord, then you have wasted your time. And look at the wondrous outcome of the word preached:

And the disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit. Acts 13:52 (ESV).

That power in the Word of the Lord is why we are here this morning. The word of Christ in the power of the Spirit has been set loose in the world, changing generation after generation of men and women. It has changed us – and it will change others.  It has changed us – and, this morning, we will learn that it can change us far more. If you know Christ

You have put off the old man with its practice and have put on the new man who is being renewed in knowledge after the image of his creator. Col. 3:9-10

The Word and Spirit make a human being new; but that only opens the door to change. The Word and Spirit do not stop by making a woman or man new. They continue to work and work, renewing us in knowledge after the image of our creator. We’re going to see that from Paul’s letter, the Spirit’s words, sent to the church in Colossae.

The church in Colossae came into being not by Paul making a missionary journey, but rather by someone who heard Paul. A man named Epaphras from Colossae heard the word of God – perhaps while Paul taught in Ephesus. The Word of God traveled up the Lycus Valley with Epaphrus, where the seed sprouted and churches began in Colossae, and Hierapolis and Laodicea. If the story ended there, we would probably not know much of anything about these Christians.

At some point and for some reason, Epaphrus ended upon in prison with Paul (Philemon 23). And while there, Epaphrus unfolded a strange story to Paul. It seems the people in Colossae were being kidnapped and made captives. It was as if pirates invaded the valley and were capturing Christians and dragging them off to slavery.

But I don’t want you to think too much about ships and parrots, because Colossae is hundreds of miles from the ocean. Rather, I want you to think about talkers.

The Devil is much smarter than the human beings enslaved to do his will. While a Herod might think killing an apostle will do the trick, the Devil had a more ambitious plan. The Devil knew – and knows – that the power was in the Word, not in the people. The Devil knew that he could never ultimately succeed merely with prisons and murders. He needed something more dangerous and more subtle.

And so he sent pirates full of words up the valley to capture Christians. We know this, because Paul warns the Christians against them:

8 See to it that no one takes you captive by philosophy and empty deceit, according to human tradition, according to the elemental spirits of the world, and not according to Christ. Colossians 2:8 (ESV)

Look at those words for a moment. There are some words, some kind of idea which can actually capture human beings. Back in verse 4 of chapter 2, Paul had warned:

4 I say this in order that no one may delude you with plausible arguments. Colossians 2:4 (ESV)

These were tricky words: they sounded good, they made perfectly fine sense; and yet the words were false. In verse 8, Paul traces these words back up to their source. First, he calls them a deceit and philosophy. Then he shows they come from “human tradition”. But look more carefully, he calls the ultimate source, “elemental spirits of the world” – If you have an NASB it says, “elementary principles”. Paul is using some strange language. What he means exactly is hard to tell. But we do know it was something wicked and dangerous; something demonic.

Paul is warning them off from these dangerous words. He tells them, Do not let the pirates take you captive. He warns them the words will sound good and the idea will make sense. But behind it all is something very evil and dangerous.

But he also tells them that these powers are nothing before Christ. You see, when Christ came to the cross he delivered us from our sins. But that is not all: Christ also defeated these demonic powers:

13 And you, who were dead in your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh, God made alive together with him, having forgiven us all our trespasses, 14 by canceling the record of debt that stood against us with its legal demands. This he set aside, nailing it to the cross. 15 He disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame, by triumphing over them in him. Colossians 2:13–15 (ESV)

That part about “rulers and authorities” – that is a reference to some sort of spiritual powers in rebellion against God.

Someone here is thinking, That’s interesting and all. But I really don’t want to waste time talking about demons and demon stuff. If you don’t like what they’re saying, just don’t listen!  But there is where you miss the danger.

The danger comes in the form of words – words which sound good, which make sense. They are words which sound right to you. The Devil is far too smart to come up to a Christian and say, Hi! I’m the Devil! Would you like some demonic deception?

The Devil will first use someone you’ll listen to – maybe even someone who doesn’t know that he’s doing something dangerous. Then the Devil will use language which makes sense, which sounds good. And here is the really dangerous part: All the Devil needs to do is to get you think that the Word of Christ is not enough.

The Sadducees and Herod and the Romans thought they could chain Christ by chaining Peter and Paul. They were wrong. The Devil then came upon another plan: Rather than chaining the men, he tried to chain the words. If he can keep Christians busy with anything else, he will prevail

The pirates in Colossae did not attack Jesus directly. There is no evidence that anyone said anything overtly against Jesus. Instead, they just wanted to add to Jesus.

Jesus is good and all, but … there is something which you may want to consider.

When the adulteress approaches, she doesn’t begin with “Divorce your wife!” She says,

Proverbs 7:16–18 (ESV)

16  I have spread my couch with coverings,

            colored linens from Egyptian linen;

17  I have perfumed my bed with myrrh,

            aloes, and cinnamon.

18  Come, let us take our fill of love till morning;

            let us delight ourselves with love.

 

It will be just a night. And so when the pirates came, they merely sought to add a bit here and there. But, just as my wife will not be pleased with a little adultery, so Christ will not be pleased with a little spiritual adultery.

You see, if the power is in the Word of Christ, the Devil merely needs to add to that word, and detract from that word and replace that Word. If Peter simply preached something other than Christ; if Paul simply preached something other than Christ, then the Devil has succeeded.

And so the Colossian pirates merely added to Christ.

In fact, these pirates actually said they would help the Christians become more holy and spiritual. They were talking about visions and angels putting off sin. Who here would not wish to become more spiritual, more godly, more holy? Who would not want a life which transcends our present place and brings up to worship with the angels?  Who would not wish to never sin again? That is what these pirates offered.

Paul admitted these things looked good, but they would never work:

23 These have indeed an appearance of wisdom in promoting self-made religion and asceticism and severity to the body, but they are of no value in stopping the indulgence of the flesh. Colossians 2:23 (ESV)

You see, what the pirates offered was good: a better life; holiness; spirituality. Perhaps if they were here, they would offer you a happier marriage; less stress at work; a better way to take care of your money; maybe teach you how to find a husband or wife; perhaps a better way to parent.  Who doesn’t want such things?  Which of you does not want to finally once and for all put your sin to death? I would love for you to have all those things.

But Christ has sought something better for you: Himself.

Paul, in the third chapter of this, commands the Colossians to be holy and loving and gracious. He commands them to live lives of complete transformation. But the key is how he commands this change.  Look down at Colossians 3:16:

16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly, teaching and admonishing one another in all wisdom, singing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, with thankfulness in your hearts to God. Colossians 3:16 (ESV)

That will be our text for the next few moments. It contains a single command:

Let the word of Christ dwell in your richly.

It contains two results of obeying that command: first it will change how you live with others. Second, it will change how you live before God. After that, we’ll consider some implications.

The Command: Let the Word of Christ dwell in you richly.

The command has two parts: The subject, “the word of Christ”; and the action “dwelling”.

You should have no difficulty with the “word of Christ”. It is means the same thing as the word of God or the Word of the Lord, or just the “Word” –as we saw in Acts. The great power of God in this world is the Word and the Spirit. The Spirit uses the Word of God to transform human beings.

This most certainly includes the Gospel:

Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners. 1 Timothy 1:15.

Now, all human beings from the moment of conception are corrupted by sin. As David said,

            5       Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity,

      and in sin did my mother conceive me. Psalm 51:5 (ESV)

 

If you think that sounds unfair and untrue, it is because you don’t really understand sin. Sin is a bad act, lying, cheating, murder, and so on. But sin is also an infection, a condition – it is something we caught from our parents and give to our children. Sin is a vile action. But sin is also the corrupting force that brought in death and disease. Everything which troubles you in this life comes from sin: your own sin; the sin of others against; and the effect of sin in the world.  We have all been poisoned; we are all infected.

Now think about it: You can’t trick someone without tricking them. A magician makes you think you are seeing one thing, when really you see something else. That’s sleight of hand. That is how sin works – it is deception; it is the very act of lying. It is a disease which tickles the heart and soothes the conscience until it is too late to escape.

For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. Romans 3:23

The entire universe has become corrupted with the sludge of sin and death.  The stuff of creation which God once called “very good” has been subjected to frailty and futility and death. As Ecclesiastes reads, Vanity of vanities … all is vanity – a mist, a breath, a moment and then gone. Thus, nothing in Creation could save us from sin and death.

It was into that world that Jesus came. The Son of God

7 … emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. 8 And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Philippians 2:7–8 (ESV)

And in that act of dying, Christ took hold of my sin – he took the charges against me and nailed them to the Christ:

My sin, oh, the bliss of this glorious thought!

My sin, not in part but the whole,

Is nailed to the cross, and I bear it no more,

Praise the Lord, praise the Lord, O my soul!

 

You see, when Christ was laid in the tomb, it was not over. For sin had no claim upon him; death had no power over him. And Christ arose, having

… disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame, by triumphing over them in him. Colossians 2:15 (ESV)

The Son obedient to death has now been exalted by his Father:

9 Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, 10 so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, 11 and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. Philippians 2:9–11 (ESV)

That is the good news. For everyone who receives that good news, for everyone who believes that Gospel and trusts to Christ for their salvation, there is salvation. For those who seek Christ as savior and Lord, he comes and makes all things new.

How does this happen? The Holy Spirit joins with the words of the Gospel, and I see my sin for the bitter rebellion against my God. I see Christ as beautiful

The rose of Sharon

The lily of the valley. Song 2:1

 

I throw myself upon his mercy. The Spirit of bondage becomes the Spirit of adoption and I cry out Abba, Father! It is to see the beauty of God in the face of Christ – that is the only right response to the Gospel.

The rest of Scripture gives depth and hope and application of the Gospel. It draws out the details and gives instruction on how to live worthy of the Gospel. You must know these words.

And that bring us to the second half of the command:

            Let the words of Christ dwell richly

That must sink down into your heart. That Word of Christ must dwell richly in your heart.

And not just the gospel – you must know it all. You see, this book, from front to back is letter disclosing to me the wonder and love of God. He reveals my sin, and shows me a Savior. It is a

            … lamp unto my feet and a light unto my path. Psalm 119:105

In this book we find

            …the words of eternal life. John 6:68.

Let those words dwell richly. Look again at your Bible at Colossians 3:16:

            Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly

The verb here, to dwell, is a cozy word. It means not merely to live somewhere, but to be home somewhere. Paul uses it to describe the Holy Spirit dwelling within a believer (Romans 8:11 & 2 Timothy1:14), of God dwelling among his people (2 Cor. 6:16); of faith dwelling in Timothy’s grandmother (1 Timothy 1:5) and of the word of Christ dwelling in his people –in our text.

Now Paul says that the Word must not merely dwell with us, but it must dwell richly. It is as if he said you must furnish your finest room for a guest. You must make all accommodation and place for this guest.

It does no good to take the word of God in our mouth if it does not settle down into our hearts.  This is the great failure of many Christians – they do not exclude the Word of Christ — for then they would not be Christians at all. Sadly they give the Word room – a small room in the back; they let the word of God dwell with them – but not richly.

The Word of God is a guest; but he is not at home. The best room in the house has been given over to something, to someone else. The good furniture and the comfortable clothes have been given to the stranger. But the Word of God who should possess the richest room is told to make-do with the couch.

Beloved, this must not be. The Word of God must dwell in you richly. Have you not read of the blessed man, who

Delights in the law of the Lord

And in his law he meditates day and night.

 

Psalm 1:2.

But I hear the complaint, I would delight in the word – but it is so often dry. The blessed man delights, but I don’t. I tried, I really did. But can make no progress. I read and it’s words and sounds.

Perhaps you see nothing or little when you first look in the word. That comes from being too quick. No one becomes a dear friend in a moment. The depth of love in a marriage takes a life.

Let the word dwell richly.

I spoke with a man about watching birds. He said, sit quietly and wait. That is how we must come to Scripture. At first you will see no birds; but as you wait patiently and look about and listen carefully, you hear the birds move and then see a wing. Soon you will hear them sing. The expert hears beauty in the symphony that the novice does not know. The lover knows the slightest shadow that moves across his beloved’s face.

But we make such a racket when we come to the garden of Scripture. We stomp and grumble and pick up a phone to check some nonsense or other. Don’t sit down for the Bible with your smartphone in one hand. Don’t rush your time alone with the Lord.

Which of you would reveal your dearest secrets to a so-called friend who kept looking over your shoulder at the movie playing in the room?

We want immediate answers, when the Lord seeks an eternal marriage with his Bride. But we have no true hurry. Our impatience is a lie. We will live forever with the Lord. Come sit by the water and watch sunlight glint upon the text.

The 119th Psalm gives us a picture of the God’s Word dwelling richly in one’s heart. I am going to just run through the verbs used to describe how the Psalmist lives with the word of God:

1. He walks in it. v. 1

2. Seeks it with his whole heart.

3. Keeps it diligently.

4. Fixes his eyes upon it.

5. Learn.

6. Living according to it.

7. Stored up.

8. Declare

9. Delights in it.

10. Meditates upon

11. Beholds wonderful things

12. Consumed with longing

13. Takes counsel from

14. Is strengthened by.

15. Chooses

16. Clings to

17. Run in the way of

18.  Understands

19. Inclines his heart

20. Longs for.

21. Trusts

22 Hopes in

23. Loves

24. Does not turn away from

And so on. Here is the procedure: First, he takes it in: the word of God comes into his thoughts. There he meditates upon it; he studies it; he memorizes it; he ponders it and discusses it. The word of God becomes the object of his desire. He trusts it – for it comes from God.  He does not turn away from it.

Wait a second, someone will say. Aren’t you making an idol out of the Bible? No! I will do no such thing. I do not want the book per se, but rather the God of the book.

You see, the Scripture is a love letter on which I smell the perfume of glory and catch a sight of my beloved. When a soldier treasures a letter from his wife, he does not love the paper and ink. No he loves the heart disclosed in the words. When the soldier holds the letter up to read, the paper becomes a window and he gazes upon his wife from afar. She becomes near as reads.

How much more so with the word of God!

12 For the word of God is living and active, sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing to the division of soul and of spirit, of joints and of marrow, and discerning the thoughts and intentions of the heart. Hebrews 4:12 (ESV)

The word of God is not mere words – it is the disclosure of God: God is in it. The Word of God is authoritative – it causes things:

5 For what we proclaim is not ourselves, but Jesus Christ as Lord, with ourselves as your servants for Jesus’ sake. 6 For God, who said, “Let light shine out of darkness,” has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. 2 Corinthians 4:5–6 (ESV)

When God said, Let there be light – there was light. When the Gospel is proclaimed, Christ is in it.

Don’t fall into the trap of the religious leaders who thought they could chain God by chaining the messenger. It was not Peter, but Peter’s sermon which did the work. The physical world is real, but it is not ultimate. When you dig down through reality, you will not find some stuff there. At the very basis of the entire Creation is not matter in motion; no, at the very first you will find God, who rules and works by Word and Spirit.

God spoke and the universe became. God’s Spirit hovered over the waters. The universe came from God, from Word and Spirit. The Word of God is more than anything. The Bible is not God – no, but it contains the words of God and the Words which disclose God. I love the words because I love the Word:

In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God. John 1:1.

Oh friend, take these words down deep into your heart that the Word of Christ may dwell richly in you.

And look to see what happens:

The First Result of the Dwelling Word:

First, the words will come flowing back out to those around you:

16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly, teaching and admonishing one another in all wisdom, singing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, Colossians 3:16 (ESV)

When the word of Christ dwells richly in your heart, it will gush back out onto those around you, transforming us all. You see, the Word of God does not merely bring us to salvation at the first – it works in our hearts throughout our lives and brings us to change upon change.

You have heard and read that Christians must teach and admonish one another. That is true – absolutely so. But let us think about this, for a moment. Are we called upon to teach and admonish in just any way? No.

First, look at the text. Paul specifies a content for this teaching and admonition: Paul does not mention personal experience, popular ideas, or your own “wisdom”. The wisdom is the wisdom of Christ, the wisdom of the Word. The teaching and admonishing come as the result of the word dwelling in the heart.

Our Lord made plain that we are to teach – but only what he has commanded: In Matthew 28:20, Jesus tells the church to make disciples by

Teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you.

It is not teaching, but teaching what Jesus has commanded. And we looked at the teaching of Acts – they taught Christ. At the end of Acts 2, we see the church filled with fellowship, joy, worship, communion, praise – and all of this came from the fact that they

Devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching … Acts 2:42.

In Romans 15:14, Paul writes:

14 I myself am satisfied about you, my brothers, that you yourselves are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge and able to instruct one another. Romans 15:14 (ESV)

But with what do they instruct one another? This comes at the end of the letter – they at least have heard the content of Paul’s letter. But Paul also has told them that their hope comes from their knowledge of the Scriptures (Romans 15:4).  And in verse 13, immediately Paul’s confidence that they can teach one-another he writes,

13 May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, so that by the power of the Holy Spirit you may abound in hope. Romans 15:13 (ESV)

That hope came from the Scriptures. And being filled with such hop and joy and the Holy Spirit they are fit to counsel one-another.

When you look through Paul’s other letters, you will see that time and again, the Christians need correcting because they have been busy instructing, admonishing, counseling, exhorting one-another in the wrong way. In Colossae, Paul writes specifically because they have been taking instruction which was not the word of Christ.

When you look through Timothy and Titus you will see that the primary job of the pastor in the church is to protect the doctrine. The pastor’s job is teaching – both what you must know, and what you must avoid. The very first instruction Paul writes to Timothy is;

3 As I urged you when I was going to Macedonia, remain at Ephesus so that you may charge certain persons not to teach any different doctrine, 1 Timothy 1:3 (ESV)

I could go on, but I think the point is clear. We must exhort and teach and admonish and encourage one another daily.

At this point I want to first praise you all. This congregation does do that. I have seen it. I have been encouraged and rebuked. The youngest Christians in this congregation have poured on me the sweetest encouragement when my soul was must burdened. Many of you do not even know how deeply you have blessed me. And, if you have been so to me, I can only think that you must have been such a blessing to one-another.

I must praise you and encourage you to do far more.

But, I must also rebuke you. You and I have been guilty of declaring not Christ, but ourselves. We have taken the words of Christ and have hidden them from one-another. How so?

A dear sister comes to you in confidence. She has a great sorrow in her family – some trouble with her children or her husband. She unburdens herself. You pray for her and remind her that God is good.  And this you have done well. But she continues and asks, What should I do?

And here, you begin to make disciples after yourselves. You tell her what you have done.  You give her your experience and your advice.

Dear sister, you have closed to her the gates of God. You have shut her out of the Scriptures. It is the word of God which is living and active – not your insights.

So much Christianish malarkey gets published and said. Who cares about my experience and wisdom?

16 All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, 17 that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work. 2 Timothy 3:16–17 (ESV)

It is Scripture that has such authority – not you.

Oh the damage which has been done by this mistake. I oversee the counseling ministry here at CBC, and I must tell you that the hardest cases have often been situations where a well-meaning believer has given poor counsel to another. The counsel has been based upon expediency or experience or guess work, but not careful consideration of Scripture.

Now I don’t pretend to believe that I know all when it comes to this work. I am constantly studying and thinking and considering the Scripture and how it applies. I do not have confidence in my perfect abilities. However, I do have confidence in the power of the Scripture. Perhaps I do not know, but that does not excuse me from discovering an answer.

Now, I want you to consider, how often have you failed in this? How often have you given personal advice when what your brother needed was the Word of God?

A related but no less serious trouble comes when one misapplies the Scripture.

This comes first from a lack of confidence in the Scripture. You may think – the Bible is good, but there some places where some experience could help.

It more often comes from simple lack of training in the Scriptures and how they must be applied. I want you to go back to our discussion of the word of God dwelling richly. Do you remember the Psalmist who studied, memorized, meditated upon the Scripture?

You cannot apply the Scripture well without training. You must learn how to use the Scripture.

Think of it like this, Would you like just anyone to preach on Sunday morning? Giving counsel is no less a matter of understanding and applying the Scripture than is preaching or teaching. The greatest difference between the two is the number of people in the room. Counseling is private; preaching is public. Both require understanding and explaining the Scripture.

That is why we are seeking to help you better understand the Scripture and its application. Every week when you hear a sermon in this pulpit, the goal is not merely that you leave with information, but that you know better how the Scripture functions, how the Christian life is lived, how to better love God and your neighbor –and that you will be able to bring this truth to one-another.

We are also trying to provide you with additional training. On Sunday evenings, we will be providing specific training about how to do this thing of “teaching and admonishing” one-another. We want you all to be better equipped to intentionally disciple and counsel one-another.

Some of you will have greater ability and inclination and will learn enough to help with counseling in a more intentional manner. There are some difficult and serious problems which arise in the church which will take greater wisdom and knowledge to provide a biblical response. We want you to know how to respond in a godly manner when your friend shares of a crushing depression or having been abused as a child or learning that a wife or husband has committed adultery. These are grave matters and they deserve a careful response. To answer carelessly or mistakenly can cause great hurt.

If you are lying by the side of the road and you have a gushing chest wound, you should hope that a trained paramedic shows up on the scene. If you must settle for me, you’ll probably die – because I have not been trained to help. You don’t want someone who has no training to fix your car – much less operate on your body. Why do you think that care for your soul takes less skill and training than care for your garbage disposal?

So we are offering training on Sunday evenings. We also want you to know of training which is being offered by our church in combination with several other churches in Southern California and with the Masters College biblical counseling professors. Over the next three months, on one Friday evening and one Saturday day there will be training in biblical counseling. I will be one of the instructions as will other pastors from our area. We have information about this training conference in foyer. The organization is called the BCDA of Southern California. 

For those who would like even more training so as to be part of the counseling ministry here at CBC, contact Shelbi Cullen – and if you can’t find her, contact the office and Ruth can hand your name on to us. There are already many men and women who have been training and working with counseling.

We need more people who have been trained to counsel. We routinely receive requests for counseling from people outside of our congregation – but as it is, we cannot always care for everyone who is already in attendance here.

We can also use counseling as a means of evangelism. If you think back over your own life and the lives of others, you know that God often uses crisis to get our attention. The world is a wreck and sin has done great damage. The Scripture has much to say in the face of loss and pain and trial. We need people who have trained and ready to help those people here the good news of Christ.

Second Result of the Scripture Dwelling Richly: Thankfulness

This point needs no great elaboration. The Scriptures reveal God to us and thus give us hope. As you exhort me, and I encourage you, we grow – ever so slowly, but truly – we grow in godliness. It seems glacial sometimes, but we grow toward Christlikeness; we grow in hope. We remind one another that our Lord has conquered death – and our recollection that sin and death have been overcome draws us evermore toward Christ.

We bring the Scripture to one, and in this book we read of our loss and God’s salvation. We read of the precious promises of life now and life to come. In this book we read of

Christ in you, the hope of glory. Col. 1:27.

When we read and know and meditate and hope we can have no other response but to praise, to give thanks, to rejoice. We want to burst out in songs of thankfulness and hope. Look at the words in our text. The Word of Christ does not merely result in teaching and admonishing, it results in a burst of Psalm and hymns and spiritual songs filled with thankfulness in your hearts toward God.  What joy is here! Do you not see that you have been made new by the word of Christ? O, think of this!

Oh let me beseech you, for the Lord’s sake, for your soul’s sake, to value the gospel. Alas! What are we without it, but condemned malefactors, every moment liable to be called forth and hung up, as monuments of God’s fury, in hell! If ever a poor creature, in fear every moment of being fetched out of the prison and carried to the gallows, did esteem a pardon, sure I am ye have cause to prize the gospel. O sirs, how had all of us at this day been shut up under the law’s curse, in the dungeon of endless wrath and misery, had not the gospel opened the prison doors, knocked off our shackles and set our souls at liberty!
“The Pastor’s Farewell” George Swinock (vol. 4, 93)

Let the promise of eternal life settle down in your hearts and see what rose will bloom.

Redeemed how I love to proclaim it

Redeemed by the blood of the lamb

Redeemed by his infinite mercy

 

His child now forever I am!

Translation and Notes, 1 Clement 14.2 (The pattern of teaching and the pattern of the quotation)

22 Monday Jul 2013

Posted by memoirandremains in 1 Clement, Biblical Counseling, Humility, Preaching, Proverbs, Psalms

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1 Clement, 1 Clement 14, 1 Clement translation, Biblical Counseling, First Clement, nahum, peace, Poetry, Proverbs 2:21-22, Psalm 37, Teaching

The previous post in this series is found here: https://memoirandremains.wordpress.com/2013/07/09/translation-and-notes-1-clement-14-1-let-us-do-kindness/

For it is written

The kind shall live in the land and the innocent shall remain upon it. But the lawless will be utterly destroyed from the land.

And again it says,

I saw the ungodly –raised up, towering like the cedars of Lebanon! Then, I passed by; I looked, yet he was not. I searched everywhere for him, but found him not.

Protect innocence; observe righteousness: a future remains for the man of peace.

 

Comment:

As good counselor, Clement lays out the consequence for both warring and peace. For those who seek peace, there will be a future. They will “live in the land.”  For those who bring disorder, “the ungodly”, there will be utter destruction.

The pattern of demonstrating the consequence, whether good or ill, of decisions is the pattern of wisdom literature.  Biblical counselors should not merely use the conclusions of Scripture, but should also use the pattern of presentation.  When Clement used narrative, he briefly recounted the narratives and then drew a conclusion.  In this instance, using wisdom literature, he presents his counsel in the same pattern as his original.

Many people have a particular idiom of thought and then try to stuff all their presentation in that idiom. Young men fresh out of seminary are often drawn to Paul’s propositional argument. While such a structure is valid; such a structure is not the only appropriate structure.  To force everything into the same mold it is to (1) misrepresent the original; and (2) ignore your audience.

For example, when the poetry of a prophet is stuffed into an analytical framework, the beauty and mystery of the original is lost.  The prophet/poet does not draw out images merely to make a emphatic statement: God will judge! Or, God will restore! Certainly that is true, but it is not everything.

When Nahum writes,  the Lord will “pursue his enemies into darkness” (Nahum 1:8), he does not merely mean that God can see in the dark. Rather he means to convey the utter horror of the enemy who realizes that he cannot hide. When the criminal runs, he dashes into a dark alley and dives behind a dumpster. The camera comes in close. In the poor light of a dim overhead bulb we see the shivering and fear as the he realizes there is no escape.  When teaching (where in a sermon to a congregation or to an individual in counseling) a line from a prophet, the goal must be convey both the proposition – you cannot escape God – and the recognition of that truth – you must know a shiver of fear.

Too often the teacher transforms the poetry into proposition. In so doing, he radically misrepresents the original. By stripping out the beauty, he makes the prophet sound long-winded. The audience will begin to think, “Why didn’t Amos just say, God will judge you! Didn’t he waste a lot of words by going on for three paragraphs?”

It also cheats the hearer. First, the teacher simply hides the text from the audience by misrepresenting the text. Second, he it cheats the audience, because some people will be more sensitive to poetry or narrative than to proposition and argument. To reduce everything to argument is to cheat everyone.

The same takes place with wisdom. The pointedness of wisdom literature is to drop the point of a proposition squarely in the conscience. It must come in so sharply that is seen as self-evident. Of course, the godly will remain and the wicked will be destroyed!

Since the proposition is so plain, merely stating and restating the proposition will have little effect. Therefore, the emphasis in teaching wisdom will (most often) be upon heeding.

Look at how Clement makes his argument (in chapter 14):

Therefore, it is just and holy, men and brothers, that we should be obedient to God – rather than follow leaders of a loathsome jealousy in their arrogance and chaos.  For we will not suffer common harm, but rather endure profound danger if we recklessly surrender ourselves to the will of mere men – men who hurl you out into strife and rebellion, separating you from everything good. Rather, let us do kindness to them, according to the compassion and sweetness of the One who made us.

For it is written

The kind shall live in the land and the innocent shall remain upon it. But the lawless will be utterly destroyed from the land.

And again it says,

I saw the ungodly –raised up, towering like the cedars of Lebanon! Then, I passed by; I looked, yet he was not. I searched everywhere for him, but found him not.

Protect innocence; observe righteousness: a future remains for the man of peace.

Clement’s understanding of Scripture is also interesting. He considers it beyond cavil that what Scripture says is true and authoritative.  Having made his argument he sets it beyond question by quoting Scripture.

 

Comment on Clement’s Quotations

He first quotes Proverbs 2:21(-22):

Proverbs 2:21–22 (ESV)

21  For the upright will inhabit the land,

and those with integrity will remain in it,

22  but the wicked will be cut off from the land,

and the treacherous will be rooted out of it.

 

Proverbs 2:21–22 (LXX)

21 χρηστοὶ ἔσονται οἰκήτορες γῆς, ἄκακοι δὲ ὑπολειφθήσονται ἐν αὐτῇ, ὅτι εὐθεῖς κατασκηνώσουσι γῆν, καὶ ὅσιοι ὑπολειφθήσονται ἐν αὐτῇ, 22 ὁδοὶ ἀσεβῶν ἐκ γῆς ὀλοῦνται, οἱ δὲ παράνομοι ἐξωσθήσονται ἀπ̓ αὐτῆς.

 

In the first two clauses he differs from Ralfs in the final prepositional phrase:  Clement substitutes (? Is he working from a different original) epi + genitive for en + dative.  The difference in meaning is negligible in this instance.

Clement does not quote verse 22, although the concept is present in his next quotation:

Psalm 37:35–37 (ESV)

35  I have seen a wicked, ruthless man,

spreading himself like a green laurel tree.

36  But he passed away, and behold, he was no more;

though I sought him, he could not be found.

37  Mark the blameless and behold the upright,

for there is a future for the man of peace.

 

Psalm 36:35–37 (LXX)

35 εἶδον ἀσεβῆ ὑπερυψούμενον καὶ ἐπαιρόμενον ὡς τὰς κέδρους τοῦ Λιβάνου, 36 καὶ παρῆλθον, καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐκ ἦν, καὶ ἐζήτησα αὐτόν, καὶ οὐχ εὑρέθη ὁ τόπος αὐτοῦ. 37 φύλασσε ἀκακίαν καὶ ἰδὲ εὐθύτητα, ὅτι ἔστιν ἐγκατάλειμμα ἀνθρώπῳ εἰρηνικῷ,

Clement here also shows some minor variations.

In verse 36, Clement uses ekzeteo rather than zeteo. The difference is that Clement uses what is often a more emphatic form of the verb; although, the meaning is substantially the same.

In addition, LXX has, “I sought him, but [and] it was not found the place of him [his place]”; while Clement has “I sought the place of him, but [and] not I found [I didn’t find (it)].”  The difference in writing does not change the essential meaning.

I do not know whether Clement altered his text; worked from a different text; or quoted from memory.

 

Greek Text:

1 Clement 14.2

4 *  γέγραπται γάρ· Χρηστοὶ ἔσονται οἰκήτορες γῆς, ἄκακοι δὲ ὑπολειφθήσονται ἐπʼ αὐτῆς· οἱ δὲ παρανομοῦντες ἐξολεθρευθήσονται ἀπʼ αὐτῆς. 5 *  καὶ πάλιν λέγει· Εἶδον ἀσεβῆ ὑπερυψούμενον καὶ ἐπαιρόμενον ὡς τὰς κέδρους τοῦ Λιβάνου· καὶ παρῆλθον, καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐκ ἦν, καὶ ἐξεζήτησα τὸν τόπον αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐχ εὗρον. φύλασσε ἀκακίαν καὶ ἴδε εὐθύτητα, ὅτι ἐστὶν ἐγκατάλειμμα ἀνθρώπῳ εἰρηνικῷ

 

γέγραπται γάρ

For it is has been written

This is an introductory formula for Scriptural quotation: Matthew 4:6, 26:31; Luke 4:10; Acts 1:20, et cetera. It is used in Plutarch’s “Ceasar” at 65.1: γέγραπται γὰρ ὑπὲρ πραγμάτων μεγάλων καὶ σοὶ διαφερόντων.

Χρηστοὶ ἔσονται οἰκήτορες γῆς

The kind, they shall be those who inhabit the earth

Gh, earth,  is anarthrous and definite as a generic noun.

ἄκακοι δὲ ὑπολειφθήσονται ἐπʼ αὐτῆς

Even the innocent they shall be left upon it.

 οἱ δὲ παρανομοῦντες ἐξολεθρευθήσονται ἀπʼ αὐτῆς

But the law breakers they shall be completely destroyed from it.

οἱ παρανομοῦντες: substantive, articular participle. The participle emphasizes the action: they are destroyed because they are law breakers.

ἐξολεθρεύω:  an emphatic form of destruction: utterly destroyed.

καὶ πάλιν λέγει: And again it says [Scripture]

Scripture has been written and yet it presently speaks. No need to overstate the case.

Εἶδον ἀσεβῆ ὑπερυψούμενον:

I saw the ungodly lifted up high/exalted/praised.

ὑπερυψούμενον: complementary participle. It completes the idea of “seeing”.

καὶ ἐπαιρόμενον ὡς τὰς κέδρους τοῦ Λιβάνου: and lifted up as the cedars of Lebanon.

The participle matches is ahendiadys: two nouns expressing a single idea. The effect is emphatic. The emphasis is completed with the simile, “as the cedars of Lebanon.” The ungodly were supremely exalted.  This makes the disappearance more pointed.

καὶ παρῆλθον, καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐκ ἦν: I passed by, and behold, he [the ungodly] was not.

καὶ ἐξεζήτησα τὸν τόπον αὐτοῦ: and I thoroughly sought the place of him (his place)

The parallel aorist verbs emphasize the thorough nature of the search and its completion: He is certain the ungodly cannot be found.

καὶ οὐχ εὗρον.: and I did not find [him]

The kai (and) places the passing and searching  in conjunction with not-finding. It was all part of a singular [although not instantaneous] event.

φύλασσε ἀκακίαν: guard/protect innocence.

Φύλασσε: present imperative: guard. Thus, some emphasis on continually guarding.

ἀκακίαν:  adjective which recalls the “the innocent” who shall remain in the land.

καὶ ἴδε εὐθύτητα: and see uprightness

ἴδε: With a moral object, “observe”: Not merely ‘see’ but also a direction to be upright.

εὐθύτητα: “the scepter of uprightness,” Hebrews 1:8.

ὅτι ἐστὶν ἐγκατάλειμμα: because there is a remnant

Here hoti introduces the dependent causal clause (Wallace, 460).

ἀνθρώπῳ εἰρηνικῷ: for the peaceful man

 A dative of interest. This is an example of the fourth attributive position of the adjective (Wallace, 310-311).

 

 

William Romaine on How Christ Enlightens the Mind

27 Monday May 2013

Posted by memoirandremains in Lord's Supper, Ministry, Prayer, William Romaine

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Biblical Counseling, Christian Ministry, Prayer, Preaching, Spiritual Disciplines, Teaching, The Sure Foundation, William Romaine, Word of God

Paul prays in Ephesians 1 that the hearts of the Ephesians be enlightened:

15 For this reason, because I have heard of your faith in the Lord Jesus and your love toward all the saints,
16 I do not cease to give thanks for you, remembering you in my prayers,
17 that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give you the Spirit of wisdom and of revelation in the knowledge of him,
18 having the eyes of your hearts enlightened, that you may know what is the hope to which he has called you, what are the riches of his glorious inheritance in the saints,
19 and what is the immeasurable greatness of his power toward us who believe, according to the working of his great might
20 that he worked in Christ when he raised him from the dead and seated him at his right hand in the heavenly places,
21 far above all rule and authority and power and dominion, and above every name that is named, not only in this age but also in the one to come.
22 And he put all things under his feet and gave him as head over all things to the church,
23 which is his body, the fullness of him who fills all in all.

How does effect this change — what means does God use to enlighten the heart? This is the way of discipleship and change. William Romaine explains that such change takes place by means:

The answer is, God has established the means of grace for this very purpose, of which his word is the principal: For the commandment is a lamp, and the law is light: And when his good Spirit accompanies the hearing or reading of the word, then it is indeed a lantern unto our feet, and a light unto our paths. Then the word discovers to us the wretched darkness of our natural state, strips reason of all its high and divine titles, and thereby humbles us before God, and brings us low before his foot stool, waiting upon him in all the the means of grace, and particularly in prayer, that the light of the glorious gospel of Christ may mine into our dark and sinful hearts. To expect this light without the use of the instituted means is enthusiasm; and to expect to keep this light, after you once have it, •without continuing in the use of these means, is the very madness of enthusiasm. In them God has promised to be found of those that seek him. Out of them you have no promise; and you may as reasonably hope God will create a new light for you to read by in the night, as that he will enlighten you without the established means, without prayer, and the word and sacraments.

William Romaine “The sure Foundation. Two discourses, preached before the University of Oxford, April 11, 1756, in the morning at St. Mary’s, and in the afternoon at St. Peter’s.

First there is the content: the word of God. Second there is the Spirit’s application of the word sought and effected through prayer. Finally, there is the use of baptism and the Lord’s Supper to draw out the picture and to present Christ.

When we see these means we see the right basis of the work of ministry: whether preaching, teaching or counseling the Word of God is brought to bear upon one’s heart. No opinion, however “useful’, has within it the power to effect the change. This would be some version of bare human reason. Second there must be prayer that the Holy Spirit will apply the Word. This is the basis of spiritual discipline.

Note: Romaine’s critique of “reason” comes at the high point of the Enlightenment. Reason at this time was the belief that human thinking was capable without revelation was capable of knowing all things — including everything which could be known of God. Romaine is not advocating that one be “unreasonable”.

Second, “enthusiasm” refers to the opposite extreme: the idea that one can simply get some sensation and knowledge often even without words or content; an immediate (without any means) contact with God.

The Place Where the Spirit Abounds

05 Friday Apr 2013

Posted by memoirandremains in Ante-Nicene, Ecclesiology, Ministry, Uncategorized

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Apostolic Traditions, assembly, Church, Ecclesiology, Hippolytus, Holy Spirit, Preaching, Teaching

Let all the faithful, whether men or women, when early in the morning they rise from their sleep and before they undertake any tasks, wash their hands and pray to God; and so they may go to their duties. But if a any instruction in God’s word is held [that day], everyone ought to attend it willingly, recollecting that he will hear God speaking through the instructor and that prayer in the church enables him to avoid the day’s evil; any godly man ought to count it a great loss if he does
not attend the place of instruction, especially if he can read.

If a [specially gifted] teacher should come, let none of you delay to attend the place where the instruction is given, for grace will be given to the speaker to utter things profitable to all, and thou wilt hear new things, and thou wilt be profited by what the Holy Spirit will give thee through the instructor; so thy faith will be strengthened by what thou hearest, and in that place thou wilt learn thy duties at home; therefore let everyone be zealous to go to the church, the place where the Holy Spirit abounds.

But if on any day there is no instruction, let everyone at home take the Bible and read sufficiently
in passages that he finds profitable.

Hippolytus, Apostolic Traditions

How to Distinguish an Apparent and Actual Contradiction

19 Tuesday Mar 2013

Posted by memoirandremains in Bible Study, Hebrews, Preaching, Uncategorized, William Gouge

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Contradiction, Hebrews, hermeneutics, logic, Preaching, Teaching, William Gouge

Willam Gouge in his commentary on Hebrews (if you are ever going to teach or preach on the book of Hebrews, you must consult Gouge’s commentary. He raises every issue — at the very least, he misses very few — which you could or should consider for a text), considers the text of Hebrews 1:3, “he sat down”. Gouge notes that Acts 7:55states that Stephen saw Christ stand.

Gouge sets out a three part test to determine whether an actual conflict or contradiction exists between texts. Many supposed conflicts could be resolved if readers thought more carefully about what was said. Gouge’s test will help distinguish between a conflict which arises from careless reading and an actual conflict.

Since this was the 17th Century, Gouge expected his readers to have a substantial, classical education — hence the use of Greek and Latin to make his point clear. If you don’t know either, don’t worry. The English phrase at the beginning of each sentence is merely repeated in Greek and Latin:

There are three limitations wherein different acts cannot be attributed to the same thing.
1. In the same part, κατὰ τὸ ἀυτὸ, secundum idem. In the very same part a man cannot be sore and sound.
2. In the same respect, πρὸς τὸ ἀυτὸ, ad idem, a man cannot be alive and dead together in the same respect, but in different respects one may be so; for ‘she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth,’ 1 Tim. 5:6.
3. At the same time, ἐν τῶ ἄυτω χρόνω, eodem tempore, one cannot sit and stand together at the same time; at several times he may

.

Applying this test to Hebrews 1:3 and Acts 7:55, Gouge shows there is no contradiction:

Again, to take this phrase metaphorically (as it is here to be taken), Christ may be said to sit, to shew his authority (as before); and to stand, to shew his readiness to hear and help.1 In this respect did Christ most fitly present himself standing to Stephen, Acts 7:55.

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